What is NOT typically considered a component of pricing strategies?

Sales volume forecasting is not typically considered a component of pricing strategies because it primarily focuses on predicting how many units of a product will be sold over a certain period. While sales forecasts can inform businesses on how to set prices, they do not directly dictate the pricing strategy itself.

In contrast, cost-based pricing involves determining the price of a product based on the costs of production plus a markup. Market penetration pricing is a strategy aimed at attracting customers by offering lower prices initially to gain market share, and value-based pricing sets prices based on the perceived value to the customer rather than the cost of production. Both cost-based, market penetration, and value-based pricing are direct methods of deciding how to price goods and services, while sales volume forecasting supports these strategies by providing data that helps businesses understand the market demand but does not determine the pricing itself.